HP Board 10th English exam pattern 2022-23 Term 1 & Term 2
Section | Topics/Chapters | Term 1 Marks | Term 2 Marks |
Reading | Unseen Passages (10) | 10 | 10 |
Writing | Application/Letter, Paragraph writing, Notice Writing | 12 | 12 |
Grammar | Verbs, connectors, sentences, modals, rearranging words, voice, narrations | 8 | 8 |
Literature | Comprehension, Comprehension poem, Short and long questions | 20 | 20 |
Total Marks | 50 | 50 |
Concept of Finiteand non Finites
A finite verb is a word like break, work, broke, sing, write etc. Finite verbs change their form according to the number and person of the subject. For instance, when the subject is a singular noun, the finite verb break changes its form into breaks. Finite verbs are also governed by the tenses. For instance, when the sentence is in the simple past tense, the finite verb break changes its form into broke. Similarly, work changes into worked and sing changes into sang in the past tense.
Non-finite verbs do not change their form according to the number and person of the subject. Examples are gerunds, participles and infinitives.
I like reading.
He likes reading.
Here the verb like is finite because it changes its form according to the number and person of the subject. The gerund reading is non-finite because it does not change its form according to the number and person of the subject.
Reading books is my hobby. (Reading – non finite; is – finite)
Reading books is his hobby.
Having read the book I returned it to the library. (Having read – non finite; returned – finite)
Examples:- Answers:-
- I want to buy some clothes. 1. Finite – want; non-finite – to buy
- Barking dogs seldom bite. 2. Finite – bite; non-finite – barking
- He is about to leave. 3. Finite – is; non-finite – to leave
- It is time to start. 4. Finite – is; non-finite – to start
- He was wearing a torn shirt. 5. Finite – was wearing; non-finite – torn
7. Choose the proper sentence-connectors to complete the following sentences:-
Concept:-
CONNECTORS
A connector is a word which is used to join words, Phrases and clauses.
KINDS OF CONNECTORS
(i) Relative Pronouns and Relative Adverbs
(ii) Conjunctions
(iii) Prepositions
A relative adverb is an adverb which introduces a relative clause. The English relative adverbs are: where, when, whenever and wherever.
The house where I live in is very small.
I will never forget the day when I met Jane.
Susie takes her cell phone wherever she goes.
I read books whenever I get time.
Relative pronoun
A relative pronoun is a pronoun which introduces a relative clause. Examples are: who, whom, which and whose. That is also sometimes used to introduce a relative clause. The use of a relative pronoun is usually optional in English. In informal English, it is usually omitted. In the following examples the optional relative pronoun appears in parentheses.
The necklace (which) my mother bought for me was very expensive.
The man (who) you were talking to is my father.
The woman who was sitting next to me is my aunt.
The boy whose sister works with me is a good singer.
USES OF IMPORTANT CONJUNCTIONS
He has been ill since he came here. (Time)
You can go wherever you like. (Place)
He is working hard so that he may pass. (Purpose)
if you wonder about, you will fail. (Condition)
I am glad that you have conic. (Cause)
As he is proud, everybody hates him. (Cause)
He is cleverer than his brother (Comparison)
Do as you are told. (Manner)
Although he worked hard, yet he failed. (Contrast)
CONJUNCTION
A conjunction is a word or phrase which joins together words or sentences or parts of sentences. Conjunctions help to say things in a simple and short way.
CLASSES OF CONJUNCTIONS
(i)Co-ordinating Conjunction
(ii)Subordinating Conjunction
(iii)Correlative Conjunction
Co-ordinating Conjunction Example:-
He worked hard but he failed.
He is a great and noble man.
Three and two make five.
Rishu is ill, so he is admitted to the hospital. He is poor, still, people like him.
Note: Some compound expressions or phrases and as conjunctions; as,
I will forgive you on condition that you don’t repeat the mistake.
He ran away as soon as he saw police.
Other compound conjunctions are even if,
so that, as well as, as if in order that, provided that, etc.
8. Fill in the blanks with suitable modals: Can, would, must, may. (1/2x4-2 marks)
Uses of Modal 'Will'
1) The first rule for the use of Modal 'will' is that it expresses pure future with second and third person as subjects. 2) The second rule for use of Modal 'will' is that it shows willingness, intention, promise, determination with the first person as a subject. 3) The third and last use of Modal 'will' is that it tells about the characteristic, habit, assumption, invitation or request and insistence.
Examples of Modal 'Will' are given below: 1) You will die of a heart attack. (Pure Future) 2) The prime minister will hoist the flag. (Pure Future) 3) I will meet you again. (Promise) 4) I will need your help. (Willingness/ intention) 5) He will achieve his goals. (Determination) 6) A child will usually obey his parents. (Characteristic habit) 7) He will be here at any moment. (Assumption) 8) Will you go with me. (Request) 9) He will not listen to his teacher's advice. (Insistence)
Uses of Modal 'Would'
The rule for the use of Modal 'would' is that it expresses past habits, polite request, wish/ preference or an imaginary condition.
Examples of Modal 'Would' are given below:
1) He would wake up early in the morning and go to work. (Past habits)
2) My mother would always make me my favourite dishes. (Past habits)
3) Would you get me a glass of water, please? (Polite request)
4) I would like to see the owner. (Polite request)
5) I wish you would be here. (Wish)
6) I would rather have food at home than outside. (Preference)
7) I would buy a house if I won the lottery (Preference)
Uses of Modal 'Shall'
1) The first rule for the use of Modal 'Shall' is that it expresses pure future with the first person as the subject.
2) The second rule for the use of Modal 'Shall' is that it is used to ask for advice, suggestions, requests, etc. with the first person in the interrogative.
3) The third rule for the use of Modal 'Shall' is that it is used to express command, threat, warning, promise, assurance, determination, etc. with the second and third person as the subjects.
Examples of Modal 'Shall' are given below:
1) We shall go to school tomorrow. (Pure Future)
2) I shall teach you to dance. (Pure Future)
3) Shall I bring a glass of fresh juice for you? (Request)
Uses of Modal 'Should'
1) The first rule for the use of Modal 'Should' is that it is used to express duty, obligation, advisability or desirability.
2) The second rule for the use of Modal 'Should' is that it is used to express logical interference, supposition, assumption, possibility or probability.
3) The third rule for the use of Modal 'Should' is that it is used to express a purpose after 'lest'.
Examples of Modal 'Should' are given below:
1) We should go to school every day. (Duty)
2) You should not be late for work.(Obligation/ Desirability)
3) You should exercise more often. (advisability)
4) He should be at the office by now. (Possibility)
5) If he should see me there, he will be happy. (Probable Condition)
6) Leave on time, lest you should miss the train. (should after lest)
Uses of Modal 'May'
The rule for the use of Modal 'May' is that it is used to express possibility, permission, wish, faith, hope or a purpose.
Examples of Modal 'May' are given below:
1) It may snow in the evening. (Possibility)
2) May I go now, sir? (Permission)
3) May God always be with you. (Wish, faith or hope)
4) He is working hard so that he may get an appraisal. (Purpose)
Uses of Modal 'Might'
The rule for the use of Modal 'Might' is that it is used to express less possibility, permission or a guess.
Example of Modal Might are given below:
1) It might rain today. (Less possibility)
2) Might I go to get the files? (Permission)
3) That might be the new guard. (Guess)
Uses of Modal 'Can'
The rule for the use of Modal 'Can' is that it is used to express permission, possibility, ability or capacity.
Examples of Modal 'Can' are given below:
1) Can I go to the market? (Permission)
2) Anyone can be the thief. (Possibility)
3) He can stay awake for 2 days. (Ability/ Capacity)
Uses of Modal 'Could'
The rule for the use of Modal 'Could' is that it is used to express ability or capacity in the past, polite request or a possibility under certain circumstances.
Examples of Modal 'Could' are given below:
1) He could run very fast in his youth. (Ability/ Capacity in the past)
2) Could you wait for him? (Polite request)
Uses of Modal 'Ought'
The rule for the use of Modal 'Will' is that it is used to express the subjects obligation or duty and also it is used to give advice.
Examples of Modal 'Ought' are given below:
1) I ought to love my parents. (Obligation/ Duty)
2) We ought not to cheat anyone.(Duty)
3) You ought to practise for more than 2 hours a day if you want to clear the exam.
Modal Exercises
Fill in the blanks with correct modals.
1) He knew that he............
(Would/must) be able to reach office in time.
2) You..........not enter my house again. (dare/ could)
3) I thought he........... be at school. (should/would)
4) Raman......... speak in two voices. (can/ should)
5)I............... (can't/ couldn't) write what you spoke.
6) You.......... (should/ can) have told me earlier.
Answers:
1) Would 2) Dare 3) Would 4) Can 5) Couldn't
6) Should
9. Do as Directed:
(Change into Assertive Sentence)
(5) Choose the most appropriate answer: "Do they live here?" asked Manohar.
10. There is a word missing in each line/sentence. Write the missing word along with the one that comes before and the one that comes after it. (2 marks)
No comments:
Post a Comment